Atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis with neutron tagging and an expanded fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I–V
Physical Review D
Published On 2024/4/24
We present a measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with the Super-Kamiokande detector using atmospheric neutrinos from the complete pure-water SK I–V (April 1996–July 2020) dataset, including events from an expanded fiducial volume. The dataset corresponds to 6511.3 live days and an exposure of 484.2 kiloton-years. Measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters Δ m 3 2 2, sin 2 θ 2 3, sin 2 θ 1 3, δ CP, and the preference for the neutrino mass ordering are presented with atmospheric neutrino data alone, and with constraints on sin 2 θ 1 3 from reactor neutrino experiments. Our analysis including constraints on sin 2 θ 1 3 favors the normal mass ordering at the 92.3% level.
Journal
Physical Review D
Published On
2024/4/24
Volume
109
Issue
7
Page
072014
Authors
s. b. kim
Seoul National University
Position
H-Index(all)
321
H-Index(since 2020)
176
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
physics
University Profile Page
Masahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Position
Professor Department of Physics
H-Index(all)
253
H-Index(since 2020)
159
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
High Energy physics
collider physics
neutrino physics
University Profile Page
Hirokazu Ishino
Okayama University
Position
Tokyo Institute University of Tokyo
H-Index(all)
165
H-Index(since 2020)
83
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Astroparticle Physics
Elementary Particle Physics
High Energy Physics
University Profile Page
C. K. Jung
Stony Brook University
Position
SUNY Distinguished Professor
H-Index(all)
124
H-Index(since 2020)
66
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Experimental Particle Physics
Neutrino Physics
Physics of Sports
University Profile Page
John Gregory Learned
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Position
Professor of Physics
H-Index(all)
118
H-Index(since 2020)
67
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Neutrinos
cosmic rays
variable stars
geoneutrinos
reactors
University Profile Page
Gianmaria Collazuol
Università degli Studi di Padova
Position
Physics and Astronomy Department
H-Index(all)
117
H-Index(since 2020)
88
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Experimental Physics
Particle and Nuclear Physics
Innovative detectors and associated electronics
University Profile Page
Jianming Bian
University of California, Irvine
Position
H-Index(all)
81
H-Index(since 2020)
63
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Neutrino physics
Electron Collider Physics
University Profile Page
Akihiro Minamino
Yokohama National University
Position
H-Index(all)
80
H-Index(since 2020)
54
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
Particle Physics
Neutrino Physics
Astrophysics
University Profile Page
Bryan Zaldivar
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Position
H-Index(all)
30
H-Index(since 2020)
25
I-10 Index(all)
0
I-10 Index(since 2020)
0
Citation(all)
0
Citation(since 2020)
0
Cited By
0
Research Interests
dark matter
machine learning
University Profile Page
Other Articles from authors
Bryan Zaldivar
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Deepening gamma-ray point-source catalogues with sub-threshold information
We propose a novel statistical method to extend Fermi-LAT catalogues of high-latitude γ-ray sources below their nominal threshold. To do so, we rely on the determination of the differential source-count distribution of sub-threshold sources which only provides the statistical flux distribution of faint sources. By simulating ensembles of synthetic skies, we assess quantitatively the likelihood for pixels in the sky with relatively low-test statistics to be due to sources, therefore complementing the source-count distribution with spatial information. Besides being useful to orient efforts towards multi-messenger and multi-wavelength identification of new γ-ray sources, we expect the results to be especially advantageous for statistical applications such as cross-correlation analyses.
2024/3/27
Article DetailsC. K. Jung
Stony Brook University
arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.03130
The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report
DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are …
2023/12/5
Article DetailsC. K. Jung
Stony Brook University
arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.06760
Performance of SK-Gd's Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System
Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al. 2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3-7 depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view.
2024/3/11
Article DetailsHirokazu Ishino
Okayama University
Physical Review D
Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22 (stat)− 0.15+ 0.85 (syst)× 10− 38 cm 2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and …
2024/1/4
Article DetailsGianmaria Collazuol
Università degli Studi di Padova
POS PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENCE
Feasibility study on an analysis of CR helium flux with the CALET detector based on an extended acceptance
In this work, we present a feasibility study aiming at a measurement of the cosmic ray (CR) helium flux utilizing CALET data with a significantly enhanced statistical precision. It is based on a wider geometrical acceptance compared to the current CALET analysis while ensuring a correct identification of charged particles crossing the detector. The expected statistical enhancement for the all-acceptance configuration is nearly a factor of two compared to the previous analysis, over the entire energy range from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV. Preliminary assessment of efficiencies and background sources has been carried out based on energy-dependent charge selections.
2024
Article DetailsHirokazu Ishino
Okayama University
arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.09920
Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande
Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance.
2024/4/15
Article DetailsGianmaria Collazuol
Università degli Studi di Padova
POS PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENCE
Event-by-Event Analysis for TeV Electron Candidates with CALET on the International Space Station
The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a deep electromagnetic calorimeter designed for the measurement of cosmic-ray electrons on the International Space Station. Deployed on the Exposed Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module since August 2015, it observes cosmic-ray electrons with energies up to above 10 TeV and hadrons up to PeV total energies. Above a few TeV, the decrease in the electron flux and increased contamination by protons in the boosted decision tree (BDT) selection introduce challenges to determination of the flux at the highest energies and the search for signatures of nearby accelerators. To address the proton contamination, we apply a dedicated event-by-event analysis to evaluate the likelihood of each candidate event being a real electron or a contaminating proton. In this work, we detail the implementation of the likelihood analysis based on physically motivated shower parameters in the CALET calorimeter. Large simulated electron and proton datasets tailored to the parameters of the observed candidate events are generated and studied to produce a likelihood parameter for the improved rejection of protons. The results are tied to the BDT selection in the flight data analysis and summarized for the currently identified candidate events. Finally, we discuss an expansion of this work presently under development to use BDTs trained specifically for each candidate to provide an additional figure of merit.
2024
Article DetailsJohn Gregory Learned
University of Hawaii at Manoa
arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.03212
Performance of a modular ton-scale pixel-readout liquid argon time projection chamber
The Module-0 Demonstrator is a single-phase 600 kg liquid argon time projection chamber operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. Based on the ArgonCube design concept, Module-0 features a novel 80k-channel pixelated charge readout and advanced high-coverage photon detection system. In this paper, we present an analysis of an eight-day data set consisting of 25 million cosmic ray events collected in the spring of 2021. We use this sample to demonstrate the imaging performance of the charge and light readout systems as well as the signal correlations between the two. We also report argon purity and detector uniformity measurements, and provide comparisons to detector simulations.
2024/3/5
Article DetailsGianmaria Collazuol
Università degli Studi di Padova
European Physical Journal C
Towards a muon collider (vol 83, 864, 2023)
Towards a muon collider (vol 83, 864, 2023) English Français login Menu Search Browse Collections Help English Français login Infoscience Towards a muon collider (vol 83, 864, 2023) Accettura, Carlotta; Adams, Dean; Agarwal, Rohit; Ahdida, Claudia; Aime, Chiara; Amapane, Nicola; Amorim, David; Andreetto, Paolo; Anulli, Fabio; Appleby, Robert; Apresyan, Artur; Apyan, Aram; Arsenyev, Sergey; Asadi, Pouya; Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia; Azatov, Aleksandr; Back, John; Balconi, Lorenzo; Bandiera, Laura; Barlow, Roger; Bartosik, Nazar; Barzi, Emanuela; Batsch, Fabian; Bauce, Matteo; Berg, J. Scott; Bersani, Andrea; Bertarelli, Alessandro; Bertolin, Alessandro; Black, Kevin; Boattini, Fulvio; Bogacz, Alex; Bonesini, Maurizio; Bordini, Bernardo; Bottaro, Salvatore; Bottura, Luca; Braghieri, Alessandro; Breschi, Marco; Bruhwiler, Natalie; Buffat, Xavier; Buonincontri, Laura; Burrows, Philip N.; Burt, Graeme; Buttazzo, …
2024/1/15
Article Detailss. b. kim
Seoul National University
arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.06760
Performance of SK-Gd's Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System
Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al. 2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3-7 depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view.
2024/3/11
Article DetailsJohn Gregory Learned
University of Hawaii at Manoa
arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.09920
Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande
Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance.
2024/4/15
Article DetailsJianming Bian
University of California, Irvine
Physical Review D
Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22 (stat)− 0.15+ 0.85 (syst)× 10− 38 cm 2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and …
2024/1/4
Article DetailsMasahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Physical Review D
Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic cross section using atmospheric neutrinos in the SK-Gd experiment
We report the first measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector. In June 2020, SK began a new experimental phase, named SK-Gd, by loading 0.011% by mass of gadolinium into the ultrapure water of the SK detector. The introduction of gadolinium to ultrapure water has the effect of improving the neutron-tagging efficiency. Using a 552.2 day dataset from August 2020 to June 2022, we measure the NCQE cross section to be 0.74±0.22 (stat)− 0.15+ 0.85 (syst)× 10− 38 cm 2/oxygen in the energy range from 160 MeV to 10 GeV, which is consistent with the atmospheric neutrino-flux-averaged theoretical NCQE cross section and the measurement in the SK pure-water phase within the uncertainties. Furthermore, we compare the models of the nucleon-nucleus interactions in water and …
2024/1/4
Article DetailsJianming Bian
University of California, Irvine
arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.06760
Performance of SK-Gd's Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System
Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al. 2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3-7 depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view.
2024/3/11
Article DetailsMasahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Eco-friendly Resistive Plate Chambers for detectors in future HEP applications
Resistive Plate Chamber detectors are largely used in current High Energy Physics experiments, typically operated in avalanche mode with large fractions of Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), a gas recently banned by the European Union due to its high Global Warming Potential (GWP). An intense R&D activity is ongoing to improve RPC technology in view of future HEP applications. In the last few years the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ Collaboration has been putting in place a joint effort between the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb/SHiP and EP-DT Communities to investigate the performance of present and future RPC generations with eco-friendly gas mixtures. Detectors with different layout and electronics have been operated with ecological gas mixtures, with and without irradiation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). Results of these performance studies together with plans for an aging test campaign are …
2024/1/1
Article DetailsGianmaria Collazuol
Università degli Studi di Padova
POS PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENCE
Results from CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) Observations of Gamma-rays on the International Space Station
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) cosmic ray detector on the International Space Station (ISS) has been in operation since its launch in 2015. The main instrument, the CALorimeter (CAL), is optimized to observe high-energy electrons up to TeV energies, but its three-storied, composite and thick detector enable us to discriminate gamma rays from overwhelming background of charged cosmic rays. Thus, it is monitoring the gamma ray sky from 1 GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of about 2 sr, but the exposure is somewhat non-uniform because of the limitation imposed by the inclination angle (51.6 degree) of the ISS orbit. In this paper we report results from gamma ray observations obtained during its mission for more than seven years with increased statistics compared with previous reports. They include properties of the Galactic diffuse gamma rays, spectra of bright Galactic point sources, and light curves of extragalactic active galactic nuclei, which show good consistencies with Fermi-LAT observations of which energy range overlaps with CALET.
2024
Article DetailsMasahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Journal of High Energy Physics
Measurements of inclusive and differential cross-sections of production in collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector
Inclusive and differential cross-sections for the production of top quarks in association with a photon are measured with proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb− 1. The data were collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during Run 2 between 2015 and 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurements are performed in a fiducial volume defined at parton level. Events with exactly one photon, one electron and one muon of opposite sign, and at least two jets, of which at least one is b-tagged, are selected. The fiducial cross-section is measured to be fb. Differential cross-sections as functions of several observables are compared with state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulations and next-to-leading-order theoretical calculations. These include cross-sections as functions of photon kinematic variables, angular variables related to the photon and the leptons, and …
2020/9
Article DetailsMasahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.09920
Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande
Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance.
2024/4/15
Article DetailsMasahiro Kuze
Tokyo Institute of Technology
The ATLAS Trigger System for LHC Run 3 and Trigger performance in 2022
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2024/1/15
Article DetailsJianming Bian
University of California, Irvine
arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.09920
Combined Pre-Supernova Alert System with Kamland and Super-Kamiokande
Preceding a core-collapse supernova, various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming core-collapse supernova can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande have been monitoring pre-supernova neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande on pre-supernova neutrino detection. A pre-supernova alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the Super-Kamiokande detector is developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-supernova neutrino signal from a 15 M star within 510 pc of the Earth, at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hours in advance.
2024/4/15
Article DetailsOther articles from Physical Review D journal
Laurent Lellouch
Aix-Marseille Université
Physical Review D
Hadronic vacuum polarization: comparing lattice QCD and data-driven results in systematically improvable ways
The precision with which hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) is obtained determines how accurately important observables, such as the muon anomalous magnetic moment a μ or the low-energy running of the electromagnetic coupling α, are predicted. The two most precise approaches for determining HVP are dispersive relations combined with e+ e−→ hadrons cross section data and lattice QCD. However, the results obtained in these two approaches display significant tensions, whose origins are not understood. Here we present a framework that sheds light on this issue and—if the two approaches can be reconciled—allows them to be combined. Via this framework, we test the hypothesis that the tensions can be explained by modifying the R-ratio in different intervals of center-of-mass energy s. As ingredients, we consider observables that have been precisely determined in both approaches. These are the …
2024/4/22
Article DetailsFuquan Wang
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Physical Review D
Search for quantum black hole production in lepton+ jet final states using proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for quantum black holes in electron+ jet and muon+ jet invariant mass spectra is performed with 140 fb− 1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of lepton+ jet pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0 TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2 TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8 TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model.
2024/2/27
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Technische Universität Berlin
Physical Review D
Search for quantum black hole production in lepton+ jet final states using proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for quantum black holes in electron+ jet and muon+ jet invariant mass spectra is performed with 140 fb− 1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of lepton+ jet pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0 TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2 TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8 TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model.
2024/2/27
Article DetailsDariescu
Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iasi
Physical Review D
Charged particles in the background of the Kiselev solution in power-Maxwell electrodynamics
In this work we analyze the motion of charged particles in the background of the Kiselev geometry, which is considered here as an exact solution in the context of power-Maxwell electrodynamics. As it is well known, one can use either an electric ansatz or a magnetic one for the nonlinear electromagnetic field. We study the motion of an electrically charged particle for an electrically charged black hole and also for a magnetically charged black hole. In the second case the motion is restricted to Poincaré cones of various angles, as expected.
2024/1/17
Article DetailsHiranya Peiris
University College London
Physical Review D
Analog vacuum decay from vacuum initial conditions
Ultracold atomic gases can undergo phase transitions that mimic relativistic vacuum decay, allowing us to empirically test early Universe physics in tabletop experiments. We investigate the physics of these analog systems, going beyond previous analyses of the classical equations of motion to study quantum fluctuations in the cold-atom false vacuum. We show that the fluctuation spectrum of this vacuum state agrees with the usual relativistic result in the regime where the classical analogy holds, providing further evidence for the suitability of these systems for studying vacuum decay. Using a suite of semiclassical lattice simulations, we simulate bubble nucleation from this analog vacuum state in a 1D homonuclear potassium-41 mixture, finding qualitative agreement with instanton predictions. We identify realistic parameters for this system that will allow us to study vacuum decay with current experimental …
2024/1/4
Article DetailsHiranya Peiris
University College London
Physical Review D
Deep learning insights into cosmological structure formation
The evolution of linear initial conditions present in the early Universe into extended halos of dark matter at late times can be computed using cosmological simulations. However, a theoretical understanding of this complex process remains elusive; in particular, the role of anisotropic information in the initial conditions in establishing the final mass of dark matter halos remains a long-standing puzzle. Here, we build a deep learning framework to investigate this question. We train a three-dimensional convolutional neural network to predict the mass of dark matter halos from the initial conditions, and quantify in full generality the amounts of information in the isotropic and anisotropic aspects of the initial density field about final halo masses. We find that anisotropies add a small, albeit statistically significant amount of information over that contained within spherical averages of the density field about final halo mass …
2024/3/14
Article DetailsCharalampos Moustakidis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Physical Review D
Constraints for the X17 boson from compact objects observations
We investigate the hypothetical X17 boson on neutron stars and quark stars (QSs) using various hadronic equation of states (EoSs) with phenomenological or microscopic origin. Our aim is to set realistic constraints on its coupling constant and the mass scaling, with respect to causality and various possible upper mass limits and the dimensionless tidal deformability Λ 1.4. In particular, we pay special attention to two main phenomenological parameters of the X17, one is related to the coupling constant g that it has with hadrons or quarks and the other with the in-medium effects through regulator C. Both are very crucial concerning the contribution on the total energy density and pressure. In the case of considering the X17 as a carrier of nuclear force in relativistic mean field theory, an admixture into the vector boson segment was constrained by 20% and 30%. In our investigation, we came to the general conclusion …
2024/2/15
Article DetailsCharalampos Moustakidis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Physical Review D
Hybrid stars in light of the HESS J1731-347 remnant and the PREX-II experiment
The recent analysis on the central compact object in the HESS J1731-347 remnant suggests interestingly small values for its mass and radius. Such an observation favors soft nuclear models that may be challenged by the observation of massive compact stars. In contrast, the recent PREX-II experiment, concerning the neutron skin thickness of Pb 208, points toward stiff equations of state that favor larger compact star radii. In the present study, we aim to explore the compatibility between stiff hadronic equations of state (favored by PREX-II) and the HESS J1731-347 remnant in the context of hybrid stars. For the construction of hybrid equations of state we use three widely employed Skyrme models combined with the well-known vector MIT bag model. Furthermore we consider two different scenarios concerning the energy density of the bag. In the first case, that of a constant bag parameter, we find that the resulting …
2024/3/14
Article DetailsClaudia Moreno
Universidad de Guadalajara
Physical Review D
GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run
The second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-2, reported on 39 compact binary coalescences observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors between 1 April 2019 15∶ 00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15∶ 00 UTC. Here, we present GWTC-2.1, which reports on a deeper list of candidate events observed over the same period. We analyze the final version of the strain data over this period with improved calibration and better subtraction of excess noise, which has been publicly released. We employ three matched-filter search pipelines for candidate identification, and estimate the probability of astrophysical origin for each candidate event. While GWTC-2 used a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per year, we include in GWTC-2.1, 1201 candidates that pass a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per day. We calculate the source properties of a subset of 44 high-significance candidates that have a …
2024/1/5
Article DetailsClaudia Moreno
Universidad de Guadalajara
Physical Review D
Post-Newtonian gravitational waves with cosmological constant from the Einstein-Hilbert theory
We study the compact binary dynamics in the post-Newtonian approach implemented to the Einstein-Hilbert action adding the cosmological constant Λ at first post-Newtonian (1PN) order. We consider very small values of Λ finding that it plays the role of a PN factor to derive the Lagrangian of a compact two-body system at the center of mass frame at 1PN. Furthermore, the phase function ϕ (t) is obtained from the balance equation, and the two polarizations h+ and h× are also calculated. We observe changes due to Λ only at very low frequencies, and we notice that it plays the role of “stretch” the spacetime such that both amplitudes become smaller. However, given its nearly negligible value, Λ has no relevance at higher frequencies whatsoever.
2024/3/19
Article DetailsIan M. Shoemaker
University of South Dakota
Physical Review D
Long-lived particles and the quiet Sun
The nuclear reaction network within the interior of the Sun is an efficient MeV physics factory and can produce long-lived particles generic to dark sector models. In this work we consider the sensitivity of satellite instruments, primarily the RHESSI spectrometer, that observe the quiet Sun in the MeV regime where backgrounds are low. We find that quiet Sun observations offer a powerful and complementary probe in regions of parameter space, where the long-lived particle decay length is longer than the radius of the Sun and shorter than the distance between the Sun and Earth. We comment on connections to recent model-building work on heavy neutral leptons coupled to neutrinos and high-quality axions from mirror symmetries.
2024/1/22
Article DetailsHao Y. Zhang / 张昊
University of Pennsylvania
Physical Review D
Intermediate defect groups, polarization pairs, and noninvertible duality defects
Within the framework of relative and absolute quantum field theories (QFTs), we present a general formalism for understanding polarizations of the intermediate defect group and constructing noninvertible duality defects in theories in 2 k spacetime dimensions with self-dual gauge fields. We introduce the polarization pair, which fully specifies absolute QFTs as far as their (k− 1)-form defect groups are concerned, including their (k− 1)-form symmetries, global structures (including discrete θ-angle), and local counterterms. Using the associated symmetry topological field theory (TFT), we show that the polarization pair is capable of succinctly describing topological manipulations, eg, gauging (k− 1)-form global symmetries and stacking counterterms, of absolute QFTs. Furthermore, automorphisms of the (k− 1)-form charge lattice naturally act on polarization pairs via their action on the defect group; they can be viewed as …
2024/1/10
Article DetailsIgor Altsybeev
St. Petersburg State University
Physical Review D
Measurement of the fraction of jet longitudinal momentum carried by baryons in collisions
Recent measurements of charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions have questioned the universality of charm-quark fragmentation across different collision systems. In this work the fragmentation of charm quarks into charm baryons is probed, by presenting the first measurement of the longitudinal jet momentum fraction carried by Λ c+ baryons, z∥ ch, in hadronic collisions. The results are obtained in proton-proton (p p) collisions at s= 13 TeV at the LHC, with Λ c+ baryons and charged (track-based) jets reconstructed in the transverse momentum intervals of 3≤ p T Λ c+< 15 GeV/c and 7≤ p T jet ch< 15 GeV/c, respectively. The z∥ ch distribution is compared to a measurement of D 0-tagged charged jets in p p collisions as well as to pythia 8 simulations. The data hints that the fragmentation of charm quarks into charm baryons is softer with respect to charm mesons, in the measured kinematic interval, as …
2024/4/5
Article DetailsFabrizio BARONE
Università degli Studi di Salerno
Physical Review D
GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run
The second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-2, reported on 39 compact binary coalescences observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors between 1 April 2019 15∶ 00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15∶ 00 UTC. Here, we present GWTC-2.1, which reports on a deeper list of candidate events observed over the same period. We analyze the final version of the strain data over this period with improved calibration and better subtraction of excess noise, which has been publicly released. We employ three matched-filter search pipelines for candidate identification, and estimate the probability of astrophysical origin for each candidate event. While GWTC-2 used a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per year, we include in GWTC-2.1, 1201 candidates that pass a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per day. We calculate the source properties of a subset of 44 high-significance candidates that have a …
2024/1/5
Article DetailsJohn Veitch
University of Glasgow
Physical Review D
GWTC-2.1: Deep extended catalog of compact binary coalescences observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first half of the third observing run
The second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-2, reported on 39 compact binary coalescences observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors between 1 April 2019 15∶ 00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15∶ 00 UTC. Here, we present GWTC-2.1, which reports on a deeper list of candidate events observed over the same period. We analyze the final version of the strain data over this period with improved calibration and better subtraction of excess noise, which has been publicly released. We employ three matched-filter search pipelines for candidate identification, and estimate the probability of astrophysical origin for each candidate event. While GWTC-2 used a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per year, we include in GWTC-2.1, 1201 candidates that pass a false alarm rate threshold of 2 per day. We calculate the source properties of a subset of 44 high-significance candidates that have a …
2024/1/5
Article DetailsElham E Khoda
University of Washington
Physical Review D
Search for quantum black hole production in lepton+ jet final states using proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for quantum black holes in electron+ jet and muon+ jet invariant mass spectra is performed with 140 fb− 1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of lepton+ jet pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0 TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2 TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8 TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model.
2024/2/27
Article DetailsDavid Silvermyr
Lunds Universitet
Physical Review D
Measurement of the fraction of jet longitudinal momentum carried by baryons in collisions
Recent measurements of charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions have questioned the universality of charm-quark fragmentation across different collision systems. In this work the fragmentation of charm quarks into charm baryons is probed, by presenting the first measurement of the longitudinal jet momentum fraction carried by Λ c+ baryons, z∥ ch, in hadronic collisions. The results are obtained in proton-proton (p p) collisions at s= 13 TeV at the LHC, with Λ c+ baryons and charged (track-based) jets reconstructed in the transverse momentum intervals of 3≤ p T Λ c+< 15 GeV/c and 7≤ p T jet ch< 15 GeV/c, respectively. The z∥ ch distribution is compared to a measurement of D 0-tagged charged jets in p p collisions as well as to pythia 8 simulations. The data hints that the fragmentation of charm quarks into charm baryons is softer with respect to charm mesons, in the measured kinematic interval, as …
2024/4/5
Article DetailsGiuseppe Callea
University of Glasgow
Physical Review D
Search for quantum black hole production in lepton+ jet final states using proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for quantum black holes in electron+ jet and muon+ jet invariant mass spectra is performed with 140 fb− 1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at s= 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed invariant mass spectrum of lepton+ jet pairs is consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fractions for quantum black holes decaying into a lepton and a quark in a search region with invariant mass above 2.0 TeV. The resulting quantum black hole lower mass threshold limit is 9.2 TeV in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model, and 6.8 TeV in the Randall-Sundrum model.
2024/2/27
Article DetailsMinsu Park
University of Pennsylvania
Physical Review D
Atacama Cosmology Telescope: The persistence of neutrino self-interaction in cosmological measurements
We use data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 to search for the presence of neutrino self-interaction in the cosmic microwave background. Consistent with prior works, the posterior distributions we find are bimodal, with one mode consistent with Λ CDM and one where neutrinos strongly self-interact. By combining ACT data with large-scale information from WMAP, we find that a delayed onset of neutrino free streaming caused by significantly strong neutrino self-interaction is compatible with these data at the 2− 3 σ level. As seen in the past, the preference shifts to Λ CDM with the inclusion of Planck data. We determine that the preference for strong neutrino self-interaction is largely driven by angular scales corresponding to 700≲ ℓ≲ 1000 in the ACT E-mode polarization data. This region is expected to be key to discriminate between neutrino self-interacting modes and will soon be probed with …
2024/2/1
Article DetailsHerodotos Herodotou
Cyprus University of Technology
Physical Review D
Supersymmetric QCD on the lattice: Fine-tuning of the Yukawa couplings
We determine the fine-tuning of the Yukawa couplings of supersymmetric QCD, discretized on a lattice. We use perturbation theory at one-loop level. The modified minimal subtraction scheme (MS) is employed; by its definition, this scheme requires perturbative calculations, in the continuum and/or on the lattice. On the lattice, we utilize the Wilson formulation for gluon, quark, and gluino fields; for squark fields we use naive discretization. The sheer difficulties of this study lie in the fact that different components of squark fields mix among themselves at the quantum level and the action’s symmetries, such as parity and charge conjugation, allow an additional Yukawa coupling. Consequently, for an appropriate fine-tuning of the Yukawa terms, these mixings must be taken into account in the renormalization conditions. All Green’s functions and renormalization factors are analytic expressions depending on the number of …
2024/2/20
Article Details