Y. S. Rammah

The radiation, elastic-mechanic-characteristics of LMAS (Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) glass systems influenced by the molar ratio [SiO2]/([P2O5] + [Al2O3]) additions were investigated. Within the incoming photon energies: 0.015 to 15.0 MeV spanned in this study, both XCOM and Phy-X/PSD codes were utilized. The outcomes demonstrate that substituting P2O5 with Al2O3 at the expense of SiO2 led to an increase in glass density from 3.021 to 3.26 g/cm3, which, in turn, decreased the LAC from 2.633 to 2.534 cm−1 at E = 400 keV. The MAC values were found to be 6.721 < MAC < 7.004 g/cm2 at low photon energy.The uppermost values of MAC were observed for the glass-system encoded as 0P-5AF with a direct relationship to energy. The highest effective-atomic-number (Zeff) was recorded at E = 20 keV, and ranged from 18.13 to 19.31 for the LMAS samples. Subsequently, Zeff declined rapidly to a value …

In this work, multiferroic BiNi0.1Fe0.9O3 nanoparticles (NPs) has been fabricated by Sol-gel process, then six nanocomposities (NCs) sheets of PVC/x (BiNi0.1Fe0.9O3): x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt% were produced by means of the solution casting process. The produced sheets coded as pure PVC, PVC/0.5(BiNiFeO3), PVC/1.0(BiNiFeO3), PVC/3.0(BiNiFeO3), PVC/5.0(BiNiFeO3), and PVC/10.0(BiNiFeO3). X-ray diffraction (XRD), physical, dielectric properties, and γ-ray attenuation capacity have been investigated. The dielectric properties of the investigated NCs sheets were tested at 1 V with a range of frequencies from 50 Hz to 5 MHz. The Phy-X/PSD software used to calculate γ-ray shielding parameters. The density (ρ) of the prepared NCs sheets increased from 1.4051 ± 0.0001 g/cm3 to 3.2650 ± 0.0001 g/cm3. Up to 0.5 wt%, the actual part of permittivity decreased as the concentration of BiNiFeO3 …

Six specimens of iron (II)-doped borate glasses with the following chemical formula: 75B2O3–15PbO–10BaO3–xFe2O3: x = 0.0–0.5 mol% with an incremental step of 0.1 were produced using the traditional melt quench method. The effects of iron ion doping on mechanical, dielectric properties, and radiation protection effectiveness (RPE) of the prepared samples were investigated. The oxygen-packing density (OPD) and molar volume (OMV) increased as iron (II) content increased in the glasses network. Therefore, the created non-bridging oxygen (NBO) increased. Elastic parameters of the investigated samples enhanced as a function of Fe2O3 content. As the molar percentage of Fe2O3 increased from 0 to 5.0 mol%, Poisson’s glasses ratio fluctuates between 0.365 and 0.3700. As the energy of the incoming photon increases, the RPE tends to fall below 100% in low-energy regions. The sample with the code Fe2O …

Binary lead phosphate glasses (nine samples) containing different amount of selenium (Se) metal with chemical formula 40PbO–(60 − x) P2O5–xSe, (x = 0 (Se0)—15 (Se15)) in mol% have been successfully synthesized via melt quenching technique. The physical, optical, and FTIR spectroscopy for the prepared glass have been investigated. The density (Ds) of the investigated glasses increased from 5.38 ± 0.01 to 5.72 ± 0.01 g/cm3 and molar volume decreased from 32.30 ± 0.01 to 28.83 ± 0.01 cm3/mol for Se0 and Se15 samples, respectively. The free volume (Vf) and packing density (Pd) of all investigated glasses reduced with increasing Se ions in the glass networks. Vibrational modes confirm the significant depolymerization in the phosphate network with the addition of 40 mol% of PbO as well as different contents of Se ions. The indirect optical band gap () decreased from 4.7 ± 0.01 to 2.25 …

Seven bioactive glasses in the system (50-x) B 2 O 3–4P 2 O 5–26CaO–20Na 2 O-xZnO:(x= 0–15 mol%) have been produced using melt quenching route. The prepared samples coded as BG1-BG7. The physical properties, average optical basicity, electronegativity, electronic polarizability, and radiation attenuation competence of the BG1-BG7 glasses have been examined. Non-crystalline state of samples confirmed via the XRD measurements. Density increased from 2.6274 g/cm 3 to 2.9406 g/cm 3 for BG1 to BG7 samples. The average optical basicity (˄ t h) changed from 0.748 to 0.838, electronic polarizability,(α 0− 2) enhanced from 1.812 to 2.008, while electronegativity,(χ a v) reduced from 2.352 to 2.245 as ZnO increased from 0 to 15 mol%. The BG1 sample possessed the lowest values of both mass (MAC)–linear (LAC)-attenuation coefficients, while BG7 possessed the highest values. The sample contains …

In this study, the role of TiO2 on the physica, and optical properties as well as the γ-ray protection features of a set of six glass samples with the chemical formula (65-X)B2O3–15BaO–5Bi2O3–15ZnO–XTiO2, where X = 0–10 mol% in the step of 2% have been investigated. The density (ρ) increased gradually from 3.70 to 3.93 g/cm3 and the molar volume (Vm) reduced from 27.71 to 26.72 cm3/mol as the TiO2 content increased from 0 to 10 mol%. By the inclusion of TiO2 in the glass networks, some absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible regions are formed. Values of the indirect optical band gaps (Eg) were 2.550, 2.510, 2.470, 2.370, 2.270, and 2.180 eV for Ti-0.0, Ti-2.0, Ti-4.0, Ti-6.0, Ti-8.0, and Ti-10.0 glasses, respectively. The linear refractive index (n0) calculated values varied from 2.515 to 2.631. The linear-attenuation coefficient ( followed the order: Ti-0.0 < Ti-2.0 < Ti-4.0 < Ti-6.0 < Ti-8.0 …

Alkaline-cerium silicate glasses based on the 30CaO-20MgO-5P2O5-45SiO2 (mol%) + CeO2 system were successfully prepared by the melt-quenching route. Cerium dioxide was added as 0.0 g (G1), 0.5 g (G1), 1.5 g (G3), 3 g (G4), and g 5 (G5) over a 100% glass batch. The prepared glasses were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. The efficiency of the prepared glass as γ-ray protection was evaluated. The amorphous nature of the designed materials was observed for all samples by XRD analysis. The FTIR results confirmed that the bands appearing for G1–G5 represented the main properties of the tetrahedral silicate network SiO4, as silica was the major constituent of the amorphous samples. Values of optical energy band gap (Eg) changed from 3.561 eV to 2.552 eV in the direct transition …

This paper investigates the indirect influence of elevated temperature on the radiation protections competence of berlinite (SiO2-type AlPO4) by examining the modulations of its intrinsic tetrahedral parameters. The study focuses on the temperature-dependent changes in the crystal structure of berlinite and their influence on its radiation attenuation properties. The lattice parameter a, and c, c/a ratio, unit cell volume (Vc), atomic packing factor (APF), and other factors such as the atomic arrangement, atomic interactions, and crystal defects are analyzed in relation to the MAC and LAC. The calculations are performed for berlinite AlPO4 samples prepared at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 631 °C. The results reveal that the LAC values of berlinite AlPO4 are changed from 14.65 to 15.39 cm−1, indicating stable linear attenuation properties across the temperature range. The lattice parameters, Vc, and APF exhibit …

The role of the [Na2O]/[CuO] ratio in two glass groups with a chemical formula of (50 − y/2)Na2O–yCuO–(50 − y/2) P2O5 (y = 0.0–40 mol%) coded as Line I and (50 − y)Na2O–yCuO–50P2O5 (y = 0.0–50 mol%) coded as Line II on physical and gamma-ray attenuation properties have been deeply investigated. The density (ρ) varied from 2.471 to 3.262 g/cm3 and from 2.471 to 3.113 g/cm3 for Line I and Line II glasses, respectively. The molar volume (Vm) values varied from 41.280 to 28.526 cm3/mol and from 41.280 to 35.609 cm3/mol for Line I and Line II glasses, respectively. The oxygen molar volume (OMV) reduced from 13.761 to12.972 cm3/mol and from 13.761 to 11.873 cm3/mol, while the oxygen packing density (OPD) improved from 72.674 to 77.124 and from 72.674 to 84.253 g.atom/l for Line I and Line II glasses. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC and LAC) values corresponding to the …

In the present study, for the first time the machine learning (ML) based refractive index (n) approach is established depends on the density (ρ) parameter of glasses for a dataset of 2000 oxide glasses to predict refractive index of B 2 O 3-CaO-Li 2 O-Sb 2 O 3 glasses. Density of the investigated glasses varied from 2.56 to 2.97 gm/cm 3. The corresponding refractive index was changed from 2.540 to 2.405. The refractive index prediction based on density parameter derived from the density of glasses and constant ‘K’. For all ML techniques including gradient descent (GD), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest regression (RFR), the density factor is used as an independent variable and the experimental refractive index as a dependent variable. The data set of 10,000 oxide glass samples was employed to forecast density using a variety of machine learning approaches. In comparison to other models, the …

In the present study, a newly set of lutetium(III)-doped borosilicate glasses with the chemical formula (49–x)B2O3 + 13SiO2 + 18CaO + 20Li2O + XLu2O3: X takes values from 0 (Lu0.0) to 2 (Lu2.0) at intervals of 0.5 mol% has been prepared via the traditional quenching technique. The impact of the inclusion Lu3+ ions in the glasses network on the physical, and Raman spectroscopy has been investigated. XRD measurements confirmed the amorphous state of Lu-X glasses. The density (ρ) of Lu-X glasses varied from 25.10 × 10–1 g/cm3 for Lu0.0 glass sample to 26.40 × 10–1 g/cm3 for Lu-2.0 glasses. The molar volume (Vm) of Lu-X glasses was increased from 23.10 to 24.37 cm3/mol as Lu2O3 content increased from 0 to 2 mol%. The oxygen packing density (OPD) values reduced from 91.33 to 86.59 g atm/l. The oxygen molar volume (VO) values enhanced from 10.95 to 11.55 cm3/mol. The average …

Zinc-lead-borate glasses doped with sodium oxides and varying molar quantities of nickel oxide ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mol% having the form (70-x)B2O3–5ZnO–20Na2O–5PbO-xNiO denoted as Ni0.0 - Ni2.5 have been created using standard melt quenching procedure. The physical, structural, and radiation shielding competence of the samples under consideration have all been evaluated. The density of these glasses grew as the NiO portion in their glassy structure increased. Introduction of Ni ions generated magnified changes in the local field of borate ions, resulting in the formation of tetrahedral BO4 units. Values of the mass-attenuation coefficients (MACs) increased considerably with increasing NiO content. For NiO concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol%, the obtained linear-attenuation coefficients (LACs) were 44.376, 45.398, 46.565, 47.977, 49.328, and 50.737 cm−1 at 0.015 MeV …

Role of V2O5 as a strong network glass modifier on the optical, elastic, physical, and radiation protection performance of V2O5-based glasses in form 10CaF2-(20-x)Bi2O3-60P2O5-10B2O3:xV2O5, x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 0.2, and 2.5 mol% was investigated in this article. The studied glasses have been synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. The investigated samples coded as V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5 according to x values. Difference theoretical approaches have been utilized to achieve these goals including: radiation shielding calculations, optical, and elasto-mechanical properties. The optical basicity (Λ(Eg)) was found to decrease from 0.5630 to 0.5593 with increasing the mol% of [V4+] in the glass samples. The density was decreased from 4.134 to 3.817 g cm−3 associated with a simultaneous decrease in the oxygen molar volume (OMV) from 12.5 to 12.25 cm3/mol as the mol% of [V4+] increased …

This work examines a number of synthetic glasses with the molecular compositions 60B2O3, 5CaO, 5Bi2O3, and xEr2O3 (BBCEr-x, where x = 0.0–2.0 mol%) to determine their structural, optical, mechanical, physical, and γ-rays protective properties. Glass was shown to be in an amorphous state by XRD measurements. The density (ρ) of BBCEr-x grew from 3.14 to 3.32 g/cm3 when the molar addition of Er3+ ions increased from 0.0 to 2.0 mol%. The absorbance spectra of the BBCEr-x samples showed seven absorption bands related to the Er3 + electronic transitions (4f–4f). It has been evaluated the dependency of elastic moduli, including Poisson’s ratio (σ), and the efficacy of shielding against incoming gamma rays on [Er2O3] mol%. The Makishima-Mackenzie theory was used to calculate the mechanical parameters. As a function of [Er2O3] mol%, the micro-hardness (H) of the Vickers increases while the …

In the present article, samples of erbium (Er)-doped bismo-borate glasses have been fabricated with general chemical compositions: 70B2O3–10CaO–10Li2O−(10-x)Bi2O3− xEr2O3: 0 (Er-0.0) ≤ x ≤ 1 (Er-1.0) mol% using the conventional melt-quench process. The impact of Er3+ ions on the structure and optical (linear and nonlinear) characteristics of Er-0.0/Er-1.0 glass blocks have been investigated. XRD measurements showed the lack in crystallinity of the prepared samples. In the range of UV-Vis measurements, there are absorption bands attributed to the electronic transitions (4f−4f) of Er3+ ions. The absorption bands seen at wavelengths of approximately 366, 379, 409, 452, 490, 523, 545, 653, 797, and 978 nm are associated with electronic transitions from the ground state, 4I15/2, to several excited states, namely 4G9/2, 2G11/2, 2H9/2, 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2, and 4I11/2 …

Four glasses of cadmium lead-borate glasses with nominal compositions of (75-X)B2O3–XPbO–5Na2O–10CdO–10ZnO: X = 5 (BPNCZPb-5), 10 (BPNCZPb-10), 15 (BPNCZPb-15), and 20 (BPNCZPb-20) mol% were fabricated using the well-known melt quenching route.The role of B2O3/PbO substitution on the physical properties and γ-ray shielding factors have been evaluated via MCNP simulation code and PhX software in the γ-energy range of 0.015: 15 MeV. The density (ρ) and molar volume (Vm) of the examined glasses grows systematically from 4.82 to 5.664 g/cm3 and from 18.88 to 22.02 cm3/mol as the PbO content increases from 5 to 20 mol% in the glass network. The oxygen molar volume (OMV) increased following the observation of an opposing the oxygen packing density (OPD) trend. The obtained values of simulated linear-absorption coefficient (µ) were in decent agreement with the values …

Adding CeO2 to bismo-borate heavy metal oxide glasses to use in the field of nuclear safety and radiation protection is investigated. To this end, glass samples with the composition: 60B2O3 + 20Na2O + 15ZnO + 5Bi2O3 + XCeO2 with X = 0.0 (Ce-0.0), 0.25 (Ce-0.25), 0.5 (Ce-0.5), 0.75 (Ce-0.75), and 0.9 (Ce-0.9) mol% glasses were prepared using the melt quenching route. The structure, physical parameters, and γ-ray protection features in the photon energy range (0.015 ≤ γE ≤ 15 MeV) of the prepared Ce-X glasses have been evaluated. The non-crystalline state of the Ce-X glasses was confirmed by XRD measurements. The density (ρ) of the Ce-X glasses varied from 3.158 to 3.289 g cm−3 as CeO2 content varied from 0.0 to 0.9 mol%. Both molar volume (Vm) and oxygen molar volume (VO) decreased slightly from 28.40 to 27.49 cm3 mol−1 and from 12.35 to 11.97 cm3 mol−1. The oxygen …

Four glass systems of Nd2O3- doped borate/phosphate glasses with nominal compositions of (58-x)B2O3 + 25P2O5 + 7BaO + 10Li2O + xNd2O3:(0 (BPBLN0) ≤ x ≤ 3 (BPBLN3)) molar percentage were obtained by ordinary melt-quench approach. Physical properties, XRD measurements, and UV–Vis spectroscopy for these glass blocks were investigated. Also, the influence of the insertion of Nd3+ ions in structured glass on gamma-ray attenuation competence has been examined at selected photon energy (283.5 keV (137Cs)–2506 keV (60Co) via FLUKA code and Phy-X/PSD online platform. XRD patterns pinpointed a loss of ordered crystalline structure and verified the amorphous state of the glass blocks. Density (ρglass) of enhanced from 2.71 to 2.86 g/cm3. The optical-energy-gap (Eg) diminished from 4.12 to 3.91 eV and 3.45 eV to 3.20 eV for direct and indirect transitions, respectively. The …

The mechanical behavior and gamma radiation attenuation features of borosilicate glasses with chemical compositions 16ZnO–8BaO-5.5SiO2-0.5Sb2O3-(70-x)B2O3/xBi2O3 are extensively investigated. Makishima-Mackenzie principle, Monte Carlo code, and Phy-X/PSD software are utilized in terms of determining these properties. Our results showed that the total packing density (Vt) decreased from 0.634851 to 0.571458, while the total dissociation energy increased from 26.612 (kJ/cm3) to 29.652 (kJ/cm3) for S1-glass (with 10 mol% of Bi2O3) and S5-glass (with 30 mol% Bi2O3). All elastic moduli are enhanced by increasing the Bi2O3 additive in the investigated glasses. Poisson's ratio was decreased from 0.281226 for S1-glass to 0.256957 for S5-glass. In terms of gamma-ray shielding parameters; linear (μ) and mass attenuation (μm) coefficients for the rich glass sample with B2O3 (S5) possess the highest …

The present work was conducted to characterize the mangrove sediments along the Egyptian Red Sea in terms of elemental composition and to assess the extent of pollution and its sources. A total of 26 samples of mangrove sediments were collected from three different areas: Sharm El Madfea, Sowmaa Mangrove and Abu Fasi. The samples were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry ICP–MS and atomic-emission spectrometry ICP-AES. Mass fractions of a total of 58 major and trace elements were determined in the mangrove samples. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine the origin of trace and major elements in the mangrove sediments. The normalized values show that the elements above the background can be indicated in descending order as follows: P > Cd > Sr > Ca > U > Se > As > Sn > Cu > Sb > Pb > Mo > Ag. Several pollution …