J. David Hawkins

Objective Considering the interplay between normative and legal aspects of young adults’ cannabis environments may help improve cannabis use and misuse prevention and harm reduction among young people. Method Data came from 3,818 US young adults (average age 23 years, SD=. 49) living in diverse legal cannabis contexts (54.8% illegal, 17.7% medical legal; 27.8% non-medical legal). Cannabis norms were measured by young adults’ perceptions of cannabis use and approval by parents, peers, spouse/partner, and community members. Logistic regressions estimated the separate, additive, and interactive associations of cannabis norms and legal permissiveness with young adults’ past-year cannabis use and misuse, adjusting for past cannabis use and norms and other covariates. Results Legal and normative permissiveness were highly correlated. However, only norms were independently …

This study tested whether effects of a preventive intervention delivered in elementary school showed benefits for the young adult offspring of intervention recipients over 20 years later. The Raising Healthy Children (RHC) intervention, trialed in 18 public schools in Seattle, Washington, from 1980–1986 (grades 1–6), sought to build strong bonds to family and school to promote school success and avoidance of substance use and illegal behavior. Four intervention groups were constituted: full, late, parent training only, and control. Participants were followed through 2014 (age 39 years). Those who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study along with their oldest offspring (10 assessments between 2002 and 2018). This study includes young adult offspring (ages 18–25 years; n = 169; 52% female; 4% Asian, 25% Black, 40% multiracial, 4% Native American, 2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25 …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Prognostic biomarkers reflective of underlying molecular mechanisms are critically needed for effective management of DKD. A three-marker panel was derived from a proteomics analysis of plasma samples by an unbiased machine learning approach from participants (N = 58) in the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank study. In combination with standard clinical parameters, this panel improved prediction of the composite outcome of ESKD or a 40% decline in glomerular filtration rate. The panel was validated in an independent group (N = 68), who also had kidney transcriptomic profiles. One marker, plasma angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), was significantly associated with outcomes in cohorts from the Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 3,183) and the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (N = 210). Glomerular …

IntroductionMany adult smokers have tried electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. There is limited evidence, however, for the extent to which switching to e-cigarettes is associated with better health and functioning among nicotine users approaching their 40s—the beginning of midlife—when many health issues become more evident. This study examined the adoption of e-cigarette use (“vaping”) among smokers in their 30s, and its association with diverse measures of healthy and successful aging at age 39.MethodsData were from the Seattle Social Development Project, a panel study of 808 diverse participants with high retention (88%−91%). A subsample of 156 who used combustible cigarettes (smoked) at age 30 and smoked or vaped at age 39 was selected for analysis. A measure of vaping frequency, relative to combustible cigarette use, was computed from …

With changes to drug-related policies and increased availability of many drugs, we currently face a public health crisis related to substance use and associated health consequences. Substance use and substance use disorders (SU/SUDs) are complex developmental disorders with etiologies that emerge through the intergenerational transmission of biological, familial, and environmental factors. The family ecosystem both influences and is influenced by SU/SUDs, particularly in children and adolescents. Family dynamics and parent functioning and behaviors can represent either risk or protective factors for the development of SU/SUDs in children. Primary care providers who provide care for children, adolescents, and families are in an ideal position to deliver prevention messages and to intervene early in the development of substance misuse and SUD among their patients. Despite recommendations from …

Evidence-based parenting interventions play a crucial role in the sustained reduction of adolescent behavioral health concerns. Guiding Good Choices (GGC) is a 5-session universal anticipatory guidance curriculum for parents of early adolescents that has been shown to reduce substance use, depression symptoms, and delinquent behavior. Although prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of evidence-based parenting interventions at achieving sustained reductions in adolescent behavioral health concerns, public health impact has been limited by low rates of uptake in community and agency settings. Pediatric primary care is an ideal setting for implementing and scaling parent-focused prevention programs as these settings have a broad reach, and prevention programs implemented within them have the potential to achieve population-level impact. The current investigation, Guiding Good Choices …

Using Prevention Science To Guide Community Action: Page 1 Using Prevention Science To Guide Community Action: Long-term Effects of Communities That Care on Positive Youth Development Margaret Kuklinski, PhD J. David Hawkins, PhD University of Washington Singapore Ministry of Social and Family Development, Conversations on Youth Symposium, Moving Upstream – Early Prevention of Youth Offending September 9, 2021 Page 2 Too Many Young People Don’t Reach Their Potential Anxiety Depression Alcohol, tobacco, other drug use Risky driving Aggressive behavior and conduct problems Delinquent behavior Violence Selfinflicted injury Risky sexual behavior School dropout Page 3 Early Efforts to Prevent Delinquency & Drug Abuse Lesson: Untested good ideas can make things worse. Strategies • Information • Just say “No” • Fear arousal – “Scared Straight” Outcomes • No decreases in drug use …

This study estimated sustained impacts and long-term benefits and costs of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, implemented and evaluated in a longitudinal cluster-randomized trial involving 24 communities in seven states. Analyses utilized reports from a longitudinal panel of 4407 participants, followed since the study’s baseline in grade 5, with most recent follow-up 12 years later at age 23. Impacts on lifetime abstinence from primary outcomes of substance use and antisocial behavior were estimated using generalized linear mixed Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for individual and community-level covariates. Possible cascading effects on 4-year college completion, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder through age 23 were evaluated as secondary outcomes. CTC had a statistically significant global effect on primary outcomes and also on combined …