J. David Hawkins

Objective Considering the interplay between normative and legal aspects of young adults’ cannabis environments may help improve cannabis use and misuse prevention and harm reduction among young people. Method Data came from 3,818 US young adults (average age 23 years, SD=. 49) living in diverse legal cannabis contexts (54.8% illegal, 17.7% medical legal; 27.8% non-medical legal). Cannabis norms were measured by young adults’ perceptions of cannabis use and approval by parents, peers, spouse/partner, and community members. Logistic regressions estimated the separate, additive, and interactive associations of cannabis norms and legal permissiveness with young adults’ past-year cannabis use and misuse, adjusting for past cannabis use and norms and other covariates. Results Legal and normative permissiveness were highly correlated. However, only norms were independently …

This study tested whether effects of a preventive intervention delivered in elementary school showed benefits for the young adult offspring of intervention recipients over 20 years later. The Raising Healthy Children (RHC) intervention, trialed in 18 public schools in Seattle, Washington, from 1980–1986 (grades 1–6), sought to build strong bonds to family and school to promote school success and avoidance of substance use and illegal behavior. Four intervention groups were constituted: full, late, parent training only, and control. Participants were followed through 2014 (age 39 years). Those who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study along with their oldest offspring (10 assessments between 2002 and 2018). This study includes young adult offspring (ages 18–25 years; n = 169; 52% female; 4% Asian, 25% Black, 40% multiracial, 4% Native American, 2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25 …

The I. FAST Innovation Fund (IIF) is a competitive call to support new activities in the second part of the I. FAST Project, aimed at seed-funding new initiatives in the thematic areas of I. FAST with an impact on the sustainability of particle accelerator technologies. The IIF is part of I. FAST WP4, described in the Work Plan Annex I, and funded with 1 M€ EC contribution that was attributed to CERN waiting for the selection of the IIF Projects.

With changes to drug-related policies and increased availability of many drugs, we currently face a public health crisis related to substance use and associated health consequences. Substance use and substance use disorders (SU/SUDs) are complex developmental disorders with etiologies that emerge through the intergenerational transmission of biological, familial, and environmental factors. The family ecosystem both influences and is influenced by SU/SUDs, particularly in children and adolescents. Family dynamics and parent functioning and behaviors can represent either risk or protective factors for the development of SU/SUDs in children. Primary care providers who provide care for children, adolescents, and families are in an ideal position to deliver prevention messages and to intervene early in the development of substance misuse and SUD among their patients. Despite recommendations from …

Evidence-based parenting interventions play a crucial role in the sustained reduction of adolescent behavioral health concerns. Guiding Good Choices (GGC) is a 5-session universal anticipatory guidance curriculum for parents of early adolescents that has been shown to reduce substance use, depression symptoms, and delinquent behavior. Although prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of evidence-based parenting interventions at achieving sustained reductions in adolescent behavioral health concerns, public health impact has been limited by low rates of uptake in community and agency settings. Pediatric primary care is an ideal setting for implementing and scaling parent-focused prevention programs as these settings have a broad reach, and prevention programs implemented within them have the potential to achieve population-level impact. The current investigation, Guiding Good Choices …

IntroductionMany adult smokers have tried electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. There is limited evidence, however, for the extent to which switching to e-cigarettes is associated with better health and functioning among nicotine users approaching their 40s—the beginning of midlife—when many health issues become more evident. This study examined the adoption of e-cigarette use (“vaping”) among smokers in their 30s, and its association with diverse measures of healthy and successful aging at age 39.MethodsData were from the Seattle Social Development Project, a panel study of 808 diverse participants with high retention (88%−91%). A subsample of 156 who used combustible cigarettes (smoked) at age 30 and smoked or vaped at age 39 was selected for analysis. A measure of vaping frequency, relative to combustible cigarette use, was computed from …

ObjectiveTo determine the potential cost savings resulting from the introduction of routine early medical abortion at home by telemedicine in the United Kingdom.DesignA cost-effectiveness analysis Setting: United KingdomPopulationWomen in 2020 undergoing early medical abortion provided by three independent abortion providers and two NHS abortion clinics.MethodsComputation of the costs of each abortion procedure and of managing failed or incomplete abortion and haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion.Outcome measuresCost savingsResultsOverall estimated cost savings are £15.80 per abortion undertaken by independent abortion providers representing a saving to the NHS of over £3 million per year. Limited data from NHS services resulted in an estimated average saving of £188.84 per abortion.ConclusionsWere telemedicine EMA to become routine, an increase in the number of women eligible for medical rather than surgical abortion, and a reduction in adverse events resulting from earlier abortion could result in significant cost-savings.Tweetable AbstractEarly medical abortion at home using telemedicine could save the NHS £3 million per year

Purpose This paper describes the origins and application of a theory, the social development model (SDM), that seeks to explain causal processes that lead to the development of prosocial and problem behaviors. The SDM was used to guide the development of a multicomponent intervention in middle childhood called Raising Healthy Children (RHC) that seeks to promote prosocial development and prevent problem behaviors. This paper reviews and integrates the tests of the SDM and the impact of RHC. While the original results of both model and intervention tests have been published elsewhere, this paper provides a comprehensive review of these tests. As such, this integrative paper provides one of the few examples of the power of theory-driven developmental preventive intervention to understand impact across generations and the power of embedding controlled tests of …