Hadi Sabri

In this paper, we tried to describe both normal and intruder levels of the ground and first excited beta and gamma rotational bands of 162,164,166Dy deformed nuclei in the framework of the interacting boson model. A normal Hamiltonian of SU(3) dynamical symmetry limit is extended by adding a 2p-2 h excitation term. Also, the results are compared with the predictions of the partial dynamical symmetry for these levels of considered nuclei. The results show that, this extension removes the degeneracy suggested by the pure SU(3) symmetry and makes satisfactory agreement with the experimental counterparts for the energy levels, too. Also, a comparison between the results of this extended formalism and partial dynamical symmetry shows the advantages of the first one in the description of intruder levels, whereas the latter, makes exact results for the normal energy levels of beta and gamma energy bands. The …

The even mass nuclei located near the proton or neutron closed shells were thought to be vibrational and, therefore, classified as spherical nuclei. For numerous years, the theoretical explanation of the configuration of nuclei possessing 38, 40, and 42 protons, along with neutron numbers exceeding 50, has posed a significant challenge. Within this specific range, these nuclei exhibit remarkable characteristics, including a swift shift from vibrations to

The aim of this study was to design a proton and neutron shield for electronic components of LEO satellites regarding displacement damage. Simulations were done for low earth orbit by using MCNP code, and OMERE software. To protect the electronic component, polyethylene and borated polyethylene shields with different weight percentages of boron were used, and the damage reduction factor was calculated with respect to aluminum shield. For the proton source and with a thickness of 8.10 g/cm 2, a 26% reduction in damage can be achieved compared to the aluminum shield. In the case of a neutron source, a damage reduction of more than 4.5-fold compared to aluminum can be achieved with 5% borated polyethylene. A reduction of 30% in damage was observed in comparison to the aluminum shield when considering all ionizing particles in the atmosphere.

In this article, we study the possible relationship between degrees of freedom of collectivity in protons and neutrons' last orbitals and different patterns of quadrupole transition possibilities in the shape coexistence candidates. Because of the dependence of shape coexistence on the arrangement of nucleons in the nuclear structure, we classified the candidates of shape coexistence based on neutrons and protons' last orbitals using the shell-model configuration. In the orbitals corresponding to the neutron numbers in the N= 40, 60, and 90 regions, there is a limitation in the degree of freedom for neutrons, and proton-induced shape coexistence occurs. Also, for the orbitals corresponding to the atomic numbers of the Z= 40, 52, and 82 regions, the degree of freedom is limited for protons, and neutron-induced coexistence occurs. In this article, we study both the nuclei that belong to the neutron and proton-induced …

In this study, the statistical correlation of the electric quadrupole transition probabilities in the spherical nuclei is investigated. To this aim, the spherical even-even nuclei in the 100 < A < 126 mass region are selected and the electric quadrupole transition rates of different levels in the ground band are determined by the interacting boson model in the U(5) dynamical limit. A non-parametric kernel density estimation method is used in the framework of nearest neighbor spacing distribution of random matrix theory to consider the statistical correlation of these quadrupole transition rates. Also, the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used to describe the regular or chaotic behavior of the considered sequences. The results show the correlation of the electric quadrupole transition probabilities between different levels of the ground band. Also, the correlation increased for such transitions that the angular momentum of the initial state of quadrupole transitions increased.

In this paper, we tried to get a new signature of regular nuclei based on their quadrupole transition rates. We have analyzed the experimental electric quadrupole transition probabilities of well-known "regular nuclei". The results indicate finding specific repetition patterns for E2 transition rates, similar to what has been reported for the energy levels of these nuclei. We also tested the existence of this observed repetition scheme for all known isotopes whose experimental transition rates are available and introduced several new candidates as regular nuclei. Then, the energy spectra (Experimental) of these new suggested "regular nuclei" are investigated in the framework of the Interacting Boson Model, in which the parameters of Hamiltonian confirm the placement of these nuclei in the "Alhassid-Whelan arc of regularity" region. In order to further study the statistical distribution of experimental energy levels related to …

The existence of deformed states in nuclei such as 124 Te leads to a change of the theoretical attitude to optimize the description of energy levels and electric quadrupole transition by using additional symmetries. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a detailed description of the energy gaps that appear in this nucleus using different mixing formalisms. To achieve this and also compare the accuracy of different formalisms, the transitional Hamiltonian in the affine SU (1, 1) algebra was extended by adding the O (6)-Casimir operator. Also, the interacting boson model-2 is used to get theoretical predictions for the energy spectra and quadrupole transition rates of both regular and deformed states. Predictions of U (5) symmetry for the considered energy levels in 124 Te nucleus show good agreement with experimental counterparts, except at 3 1+, 6 1+, and 6 2+ states where we tried to describe these levels by …

In this paper, we used a method based on mixing formalism to improve theoretical predictions for energy spectra and quadrupole transition rates of 112Cd nucleus. To this aim, the transitional Hamiltonian in the affine SU (1, 1) algebra has been extended by adding the O (6) Casimir operator and mixing Hamiltonian to improve the description of 42+ and 23+ intruder levels of this nucleus. We also considered the wave functions of both regular and intruder states as a combination in the N and N+ 2 bosons spaces. The results confirm the advantages of using such mixing approaches and describe the energy and transition rates with high accuracy.

Purpose: The correlation of different samples can be described by analytical models such as random matrix theory. In this study, we tried to describe the correlation of different types of ultraviolet values in different months, weeks, and hours to get a significant relationship of special times, which one needs to get enough intensity of the sun or avoid getting sunburn.Materials and Methods: To this aim, we focused on the hourly and daily mean amounts of ultraviolet A, B, and C intensities of solar radiation in Tabriz urban area were measured during a full year of 2017-2018. We used such ultraviolet values which are measured at the same hour of the day to satisfy the same symmetry criteria which are necessary in random matrix theory. These data are unfolded and classified in different sequences to analyze in the nearest neighbor spacing distribution framework via the maximum likelihood estimation technique.Results: Strong correlation is yielded for daily values of UVA in comparison with the other types of ultraviolet radiations. Also, we considered the dependence of correlation degrees of these three types of ultraviolet to average temperature and humidity at different months.Conclusion: The results propose more correlation of UVA indices in August while such correlation of UVC radiations are yielded in December.

In this paper, we tried to describe the , intruder stats in 130Xe nucleus in a configuration mixing framework. To this aim, we have used a transitional Hamiltonian based in the affine SU(1,1) lie algebra in the framework of interacting boson model. Also, we perturbed this Hamiltonian in the version 2 with adding a new term, the O(6) Casimir operator, due to the nature of these intruder states. The results confirm the accuracy of this mixing configuration in the description of all considered energy levels and especially, the intruder states. Also, these results suggest same approach with adding other Casimir operators of different symmetry chains to extend the ability of this transitional Hamiltonian.

In this paper, the Hamiltonian of Bohr-Mottelson model was solved to determine the energy levels and also energy surfaces of 190Hg nucleus in the Z(5) critical point. The Morse and Harmonic oscillator potentials are used for radial and angular parts of Hamiltonian, respectively. The asymptotic iteration method is used to solve radial equation and the constants of model are extracted in comparison with experimental data. The results are compared with the predictions of previous studies which solved Bohr-Hamiltonian in this critical point with using infinite well potential for radial part and also the predictions of O(6) dynamical limit of interacting boson model. Significant improvements are yield with using Morse potential in determination of energy levels of excited energy bands. Also, the results of this potential show more corresponding with the predictions of O(6) dynamical model.

In this study, we tried to investigate the possible correlation of inter and intra-band quadrupole transition probabilities of rotational bands. To this aim, all the available experimental values of quadrupole transition rates between different levels of the ground band together quadrupole transitions of gamma and beta bands, 2 γ+→ 0 g+ and 2 β+→ 0 g+, of even-even prolate nuclei in the 150< A< 250 mass region are analyzed. We extended the kernel density estimation approach as a non-parametric estimation formalism for this analysis and compared its predictions with the results of the commonly used parametric technique with emphasis on Porter-Thomas distribution. The results show that the statistical correlation is dominant for such inter-band transitions between different levels of the ground band but for intra-band transitions which originated from the beta band, deviation from correlated behavior is obvious. Also …

In this paper, we have applied a simple interacting boson model (IBM) to Cadmium (Cd) isotopic chain to obtain the quadrupole transition rates and effective deformation. To this aim, we use the U(5) and O(6) dynamical symmetry limits of this model to classify the considered states. Also, the energy spectra of some levels are determined which their experimental counterparts are available. The results describe the regular states with high accuracy but suggest notable deviation in the prediction of intruder energy levels. Also, our results show the advantages of this formalism in the description of quadrupole transition rates and indicate a significant relationship between the values of effective quadrupole deformations and effective boson charge. Also, for the Cd, Cd and Cd isotopes, we have the largest variation of the quadrupole shape constants which are located in the region of shape coexistence. The study of …

The purpose of the study further explores the quadrupole transition rates and effective deformation within the framework of a simple interacting boson model to the Pd isotopic chain. We used the spherical U(5) and deformed O(6) dynamical symmetry limits. Results indicate a significant relationship between the effective quadrupole deformation values and effective boson charge. Results suggest that 106Pd is a good candidate for the E(5) critical point of the U(5)-O(6) shape phase transitional region and also has the largest variation of the quadrupole shape constants. A close relationship between the ground- and excited-state quantum phase transitions is found, as evidenced by the ratios of different energy levels.

In this study, we tried to evaluate the quadrupole transition rates and moments of the104-110 Pd isotopic chain and report on the structural changes of these nuclei based on the variation of the transition probabilities. To this aim, the electric quadrupole transition probabilities of considered nuclei are calculated in both interacting boson models 1 and 2 frameworks. Different levels are labelled and described by the quantum numbers of affine SU (1, 1) infinite-dimensional algebra between U (5) and O (6) dynamical limits of considered models. The relation of calculation accuracy and the effective charges in comparison with quadrupole deformation and experimental half-lives are considered. The interacting boson model 1 makes more exact results for the only intra-band quadrupole transition rates and also such Pd isotopes which have the lowest quadrupole deformations. Similarly, the interacting boson model 2 …

In this paper, we report on a study of the spectral features associated with dipole resonances in medium-mass nuclei (E≤ 12 MeV), as revealed in the framework of the spd-interacting boson model. The effect of pairing correlations on the theory follows from solutions obtained through an application of the Bethe ansatz equation. In general, calculated spectra around the critical point of the vibrational to γ-soft transitions appear to approach those of a Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, while near the rotational and vibrational limits of the theory the spectra show more regular behavior. Specifically, the results reveal that the statistical features of the spectra are sensitive to the vector boson pairing strength c p in the transition region; that is, when c p is zero, or when the system approaches one of its dynamical symmetry limits, the spectra display regular features, while for stronger c p values, or when near to the critical phase …

Statistical analyses of the spectral distributions of rotational bands in 51 deformed prolate even–even nuclei in the 152 ≤ A ≤ 250 mass region are examined in terms of nearest neighbor spacing distributions. Specifically, the focus is on data for 0+, 2+, and 4+ energy levels of the ground, gamma, and beta bands. The chaotic behavior of the gamma band, especially the position of the band-head compared to other levels and bands, is clear. The levels are analyzed within the framework of two models, namely, a SU(3)-partial dynamical symmetry Hamiltonian and a SU(3) two-coupled quasi-dynamical symmetry Hamiltonian, with results that are further analyzed using random matrix theory. The partial and quasi dynamics both yield outcomes that are in reasonable agreement with the known experimental results. However, due to the degeneracy of the beta and gamma bands within the simplest SU …

In this paper, we considered the possibility of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$U$$\end{document}(5)–\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$O$$\end{document}(6) transitional behavior in the region between the oblate and prolate limits. To this aim and also to determine the energy spectra, transition probabilities and energy surfaces of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage …

Background The solar radiation consists of a vast spectrum of wavelengths such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The amount of UVR that reaches the Earth's surface is very important due to its role in vitamin D synthesis and causing skin cancers. The hourly and daily mean values of solar UV type A, B, and visible light radiation were measured for the first time during the year. Materials and Methods The hourly and daily mean values of UVR and visible light intensity of solar radiation at Tabriz were measured and analyzed between the 2017 and 2018 years. The intensity of solar UVA and UVB radiation was measured by Hand-held Lux-UV meter device from sunrise to sunset for one hour. Results The results showed that the highest values of UVA and UVB radiation, reaching the Earth were between 12 and 13 o’clock. The maximum and minimum values of UVR were recorded during the months of May and January, respectively. The maximum amounts of UVA and UVB during the whole year were 52.48 and 2.82 W/m2, respectively. Also, the lowest intensity of UVA and UVB radiation during the whole year was 22.19 and 0.79 W/m2, respectively. Conclusion Comparison of maximum and minimum UV amounts of type A and B in May was about 2.36 and 3.56 times more than in January. The measurements showed that the intensity of UVA was significantly higher than UVB amounts.

This study presents the first statistical analysis on the correlation of negative parity states. All the available experimental data of 1− & 2− levels of the even mass nuclei in the 16≤ A≤ 212 mass region are used to prepare the sequences and classified as their masses. Random matrix theory together with a usual least-square procedure are used to extract the chaos measures of Berry–Robnik distribution function for different sequences in the framework of nearest neighbor spacing distribution. Also, we considered the chaotic degrees of these levels in relation to different modes of calculated deformations values and the shell model configuration of the last protons and neutrons of even mass nuclei. The results of this consideration suggest the most correlation of 1− levels in the A< 50, mass area, but similar statistics of 2− levels are yield in the 150< A< 200 region. The most GOE-like behavior of 1− levels is reported for …